William d



Patented lan. 3, l899l. W. D.4 PLUE.

(Application led Oct. 18, 1898.)

(No Model.)

llNTTnn STATES PATENT IVILLIAM D. PLUE, OF RAINIER, OREGON.

DOOR.

srEcIFIcArIoN forming part of Letters Patent No. 617,120, dated .Tammy s, 189e.

Application filed October 18,1898.

To @ZZ whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. PLUE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rainier, in the county of Columbia. and State of Oregon, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Doors, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my improvement is the -production of a door with blind-mortise joints at about one-third less labor and considerable less cost than doors now sold in the trade. In the production of such a door the mortises in the stiles are all of the same depth and the same width. The tenons of the rails are all of a length equal to the depth of the mortises, of different shapes, according to the different widths of the rails, binding on the bottoms of the mortises and making perfect joints on the faces of the stiles and rails.

In the accompanyingl drawings, Figure l represents a door made with my improved blind-tenon joining. The upper corner portions are seen as broken away to expose the joining of the parts in the way designed by Fig. 2 shows in elevation one of the stiles and parts of its connected cross bars or rails and panels. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal side section"of the stile, showing the blind Inortises of circular form and of equal depth and the tenons of the cross -bars having their greatest length equal to the depth of the mortises, binding with the curved bottom thereof, but having a width bearing no relation to the diameter of the mortise, so that the tenons of the different widths of cross-bars will be secured within mortises which do not vary in width. Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the stile at the mortise-and-tenon joining. Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken through the stile on the line of the edge of the tenon; and Fig. G shows a longitudinal section of the door, taken on the line x of Fig. 1, the panels being shown as removed to expose in edge view the grooving for the panels and the portions of the mortises connecting said grooves and not iilled by the tenons.

In the illustrations the construction which defines the precise improvement resides in the circular mortises of equal depth and width and the relation thereto of the tenons of the different widths of the cross-bars, whereby Serial No. 693,853. (No model.)

certain im portant advantages are obtained in the manufacture of doors;

Blind-tenon joiningis well known, and various provisions of wedges have been made for securingthe tenons in blind-mortise joints in panel-doors, the usual square mortises being made to suit the usual varying widths of square tenons. For corner-joints frames have been constructed with circular mortises and corresponding fitting tenons, each part having a multiple of mortises and tenons, which interlock so as to make line-joints on the inner and the outer angles of the frame parts, as in picture-frames; but in such joints it is a necessity that the mortises and tenons extend obliquely from the outer t-o the inner surfaces of the joined parts to form a sharp corner or termination at the outer and inner points of the angles. In panel-doors this construction would require the stiles and crossbars to be so wide in order to give the necessary depth to the mortises and tenons that the doors would not be salable. Moreover, such angle-joints cannot make a flush joint or joint of any kind on the face of a joiningpiece, and therefore could not be used in a door-frame.

In the drawings the stiles of the door are indicated by the numerals l l and are formed on their inner edges with the usual ogee beading2 2 on both sides of the stile, and between the beading the usual groove 3 is formed for the panels 4. Intersecting these panelgrooves are the iportises 5, of circular form, of equal depth, and of equal diameter or width.

The rails or cross-bars have the usual coping 6, fitting over the stile-beading and have the usual edge grooves 7 7 to receive the panels. The top rail 8 of a door is of much less width than the bottom rail, and the intermediate or lock rails or bars may or may not be of different widths; but whatever the widths of the cross-bars their varying widths do not determine the widths of the mortises, but the depth of the latter does determine the length of the tenons. In the construction shown the tenon 9 of the top rail, while being the full depth ofthe mortise, is of less than half the width of the mortise, so that the end of the tenon forms about a quartercircle 11, which binds on the bottom of the IOO mortise and terminates in a relish 12 at the shoulder of the tenon. This relish covers the end of the mortise when the stile is cut off at its end iiush with the outer edge of the rail, as at 13 in Fig. 2. The other edge 14 of the tenon is in line with the bottom of the rail-groove and with the edge of the panel fitting in said groove. It is important to note, therefore, that whatever the radius of the mortise which will give them all the same depth the radius of the tenon must be the same to give a tenon having only the width of a quarter-circle, as in the top rail, the full depth of the mortise, whereby the tenon of the rail of the least width is secured in a mortise of a size adapted to receive the tenon of the rail of the greatest width. The important advantage of this provision of mortises of the same size for tenons of the rails of varying Widths is the economy in cost and time of producing all the inortises in the stile at one and the same operation by saws of the same diameter.

The tenon 15 of the bottom rail 16 is of a width nearly equal to the width of the mortise and terminates in a relish 17 at the shoulder, which covers the end of the mortise at the lower end of the stile. The other edge of the tenon is in line with the bottom of the rail-groove, and the circles of the mortises and of the tenons are of the same diameter, so that the end of the tenon binds on the bottom of the mortise. Of the locking-rail 18 the tenon 19 has its opposite edges in line with the bottom of the rail-grooves, and the circular end of the tenon binds upon the circular bottom of the mortise and fills only about one-half the width of the mortise, so that whatever the depth of the mortise its bottom and the end of the tenon must conform to a circle of the same diameter to give the tenons of different widths the same binding seating upon the bottom of mortises of the same width and depth.

In making the mortises I use saws about ten inches in diameter, which makes all the mortises four inches deep and of the same width. The saws are arranged the proper distance apart to suit the number of crossrails, and the stile at one movement is pushed against them to form the mortises.

The tenons on the rails are cut and then rounded on the ends by means of a knife on a shaper, the circle of the mortise and the circle of the tenon being of the same radius. By this means the work does not require to be laid off for mortising or for shaping or for giving the length ot' the tenons. Nor does it matter what may be the varying Widths of the rails, the ends of all the tenons must bind on the bottoms of the mortises while making perfect joints on the faces of the stile and rails.

The mortises and the tenons being formed, the glue is applied, the parts clamped together, and the door is made at about onethird less labor and considerable less cost than the door now furnished the trade, and this by reason of my improvement.

The panel edges 20 in the stile-grooves cross the circular mortises and abut against the tenons to reinforce them.

I claim as my improvement- 1. A blind-m ortise joint for doors comprising the stiles having circular-bottomed mortises opening into their beaded edges and the transverse rails having circularcnded tenons,

4the extent of the arc of the circular ends being determined by the different Widths of the rails, the length of the tenons being-equal to the depth of the lnortises of the stiles,the ends of the tenons abutting and perfectly fitting the circular bottoms of the stile-mortises and the shoulders of the tenons being the counterpart of and perfectly fitting the edge beading of the stiles, the mortises and the tenons having their bottoms and ends struck respectively on curves of the same radius in the plane of the Stiles and rails.

2. A blind-mortise joint for doors comprising the stiles having circular-bottomed mortises opening into their beaded edges and the transverse rails having circular-ended tenons, the ends of the tenons abutting and perfectly fitting the circular bottoms of the stile-mortises, the mortises and the tenons having their bottoms and ends struck respectively on curves of the same radius in the plane of the stiles and rails.

3. As a new manufacture a blindmortise jointed door comprising the panels, stiles and rails, the stiles having circular-bottomed mortises opening into their beaded edges and the transverse rails having circular-ended tenons, the ends of the tenons abutting and perfectly fitting the circular bottoms of the stile-mortises and the shoulders of the tenons being the counterpart of and perfectly fitting the edge beading of the stiles, the lnortises and the tenons having their bottoms and ends struck respectively on curves of the same radius in the plane of the stiles and rails.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed this specilication this 5th day of October, 1898.

IVILLIAM D. PLUE.

GEORGE G. GAMMANs, OLIVER G. I-IUcHsoN.

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